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														2016/02/18</span><span>|</span><span class="red"><i class="fa fa-eye"
                                                            aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;阅读次数：2461</span><div class="clear"></div></div><div class="new_detail15_editor"><p align="left" style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 核心提示</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> ■ 2015年中国对世界经济增长的贡献是美国的1.75倍</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> ■ 2016年中国将面临增速放缓和资产价值下降的双重压力</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> ■ 布局调控型政策要基于市场效率结构和利益导向进行安排</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 当前，世界经济运行态势分化，表现不一，但国际产能合作、资产风险管理和质量效益导向，是各国共同面对的问题和挑战。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 2015年全年，我国GDP增速为6.9%，表现出经济新常态所要求的稳增长、调结构的良好局面。但经济中的结构性压力也在不断加大，高杠杆、过剩产能和非意愿库存成为不得不着力解决的系统性风险，中国经济在新常态运行和风险管理的矛盾中追求平衡与效率。当前，在经济运行、宏观政策、体制改革方面体现出一系列的新变化。而同在这个时期，美国启动了加息进程，经济政策整体回归常态化。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 为此，我们应着手构建供给侧结构性改革的宏观调控框架，并以创新财政政策作为首要环节，更好地运用改革手段，提高政策效率。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 1、增速稳、结构优、就业好、动力强：</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 经济增长目标基本实现</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 【数据】</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 2015年，我国的GDP增速为6.9%，基本上实现了中央和国务院所确定经济增长目标，实现新增就业1312万人，通货膨胀率控制在1.4%左右，居民可支配收入实际增速达7.4%，三大产业的比例为9∶0.5∶50.5，第三产业成为国民经济的第一大产业，并占据主导地位。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 从2015年的经济运行情况看，我国经济突出表现为增速稳、结构优、就业好、动力强、国际化等五个方面的特征。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 从增速看，2015年宏观经济的平均增速为6.9%，GDP规模为676708亿元，约合10.8万亿美元，而美国的GDP总量为16.4万亿美元，中国GDP总量约相应于美国的66%。而从GDP的增量来看，中国2015年的增量约为7500亿美元，而美国则仅为4300亿美元，中国对世界经济增长的贡献是美国的1.75倍。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 从结构看，2015年我国产业结构比例关系表现为9∶40.5∶50.5，第三产业已经占据国民经济的主体地位，并较第二产业高出10个百分点；在城乡结构上，我国常住人口的城镇化率达56.1%，城乡居民人均收入倍差2.73，比2014年缩小0.02；在动力结构上，2015年资本形成额、最终消费和净出口对GDP的贡献率分别为66.4%、32.3%和1.3%，最终消费在GDP增长中发挥了支柱性的作用，同比提高15.4个百分点；在区域结构上，东、中、西部地区的经济差距明显缩小；而在居民收入结构上，2015年全国居民收入基尼系数为0.462，较2013年的0.473和2014年的0.469明显减少，居民间收入差距明显缩小。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 从就业看，2015年城镇新增就业1312万人，就业形势的稳中有好，2015年我国居民的恩格尔系统为30.6%，较2013年的31.2%和2014年的31%持续明显下降，在居民收入达到3500美元进入上中等收入国家的同时，消费结构也远超中等收入国家的标准，劳动者的生活质量不断提高。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 从动力看，创新驱动正在快速累积和不断提升。2015年，我国研究与试验发展经费（R&amp;D）投入约1.5万亿元，仅次于美国居全球第二位；占GDP的比重为2.14%左右，具备了创新型国家2%以上的典型特征。从产出的成果来看，中国发明专利的数量自2013年起就已经超过美国居世界第一，而2015年的专利发明数量预计可超过100万件，继续稳居世界第一。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 从国际化看，2015年，我国继续推进&ldquo;一带一路&rdquo;的&ldquo;五通&rdquo;建设和发展，在与&ldquo;一带一路&rdquo;沿线国家贸易总额保持平稳增长的同时，共对&ldquo;一带一路&rdquo;相关的49个国家进行了直接投资，投资额合计148.2亿美元，同比增长18.2%。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 在投资领域，2015年我国引进外资直接投资的总额较2014年增长6.4%。其中，服务业的占比不断提高，占引进外商直接投资的2/3左右。而中国的对外直接投资也在快速发展，2015年，我国境内投资者共对全球155个国家/地区的6532家境外企业进行了非金融类直接投资，累计实现对外投资7350.8亿元人民币，约合1180亿美元，同比增长14.7%。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 2、面临双重压力：</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 平衡如何构建</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 【形势】</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> &ldquo;三去&rdquo;是指去产能、去库存和去杠杆，2016年的中国经济将同时面临产出增速放缓和资产价值下降的双重压力，经济形势更加复杂，实体经济和金融市场的风险出现迭加，转型空间被进一步压缩，资源配置效率下滑，市场壁垒和经济租金需要全面消除，任务极其艰巨。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 在运行指标上，表现出经济新常态所要求的稳增长、调结构的良好局面。但经济中的结构性压力也在不断加大，高杠杆、过剩产能和非意愿库存成为不得不着力解决的系统性风险，中国经济在新常态运行和风险管理的矛盾中追求平衡与效率。受到国际贸易增速放缓、主要贸易伙伴需求下降的影响，我国新增需求甚至包括部分存量需求将由外需转为内需。而在内需的构成结构中，来自于居民家庭的购买力将逐渐成为主导，个性化、多样化需求将渐成主流。因此，不仅仅是过剩产能需要加速淘汰，而且包括目前尚具备良好产出效率的产能，由于生产工艺和组织模式与个性化、多样化需求存在错位，也需要进行调整和优化。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 当前，去库存的核心是房地产业盘活存量，促进行业资金流动，防止引发系统性和区域性风险。根据国家统计局的数据，截至2015年末，我国已建成未出售的存量房地产规模达到71853万平方米，其中，二线以下城市的存量房地产占85%以上。根据现行市场预测，2016年一线、二线城市的房地产价格可基本保持平均价格不变，而二线以下城市房地产价格平均下降8%（约相当于GDP的增幅）的标准衡量，预期将导致房地产资产的名义价值下降4800亿元，进而导致存量房地产总价值的公允价值下降约18万亿元，并形成第二层次的资产减记。而考虑到房地产是银行贷款的主要抵押产品，将导致贷款资产的负债率水平上升约8.5个百分点，净资产规模相对压缩，部分债务的风险敞口扩大。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 根据国家统计局对我国规模以上工业企业的统计数据，营业利润与税前利润的比率是2.52，即债务付息已经成为企业的沉重负担，并为企业税前利润的1.5倍左右。因此，去杠杆的核心是降低当期财务费用对企业利润和市场利率的影响，大力推进股权式融资，加快推进多层次资本市场建设，并积极推进资产管理业务的发展。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 这一形势，客观上要求我们做好三个平衡，推进三项改革。三个平衡是：风险和收益的平衡，资产和负债的平衡，去产能和新产业的平衡。而重点要推进的三项改革是：国有资产管理体制和国有企业改革，以风险定价和风险分散作为目标的金融体制改革，为企业成本下降创造良好条件的财税改革。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 3、供给侧改革的调控体系：</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 应该怎样布局</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 【解读】</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 所谓供给侧结构性改革调控，即根据产出的构成，从政策构成和政策模式两个方面予以调控和管理，运用必要的财政金融手段，实现有效的组合和运行方式，从而作用于产出的规模、结构、分布和效率，支撑经济增长、结构优化和创新驱动的发展目标。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 供给侧结构性改革调控的主要目标，是调控产出的规模、结构、布局和效益。从运行看，供给侧结构性改革调控需遵循几大原则：</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 第一，市场发挥决定性作用原则。供给侧结构性改革调控的关键是政府的宏观调控政策能够对市场运行产生引导和促进，而要实现这一目标，则必须根据市场运行的规律和价格机制设计政策体系。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 第二，稳中求进的原则。我国正在推进全面深化改革，但仍需处理好改革、发展、稳定的关系，在改革的进程中要坚持稳中求进，在供给侧结构性改革的转型调控之中，也要坚持稳中求进的基本策略。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 第三，结构性调控为主的原则。尽管稳中求进是重要的基础要件，但在实际调控中，仍须将当前经济运行中的结构性矛盾作为主要调控对象予以应对。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 第四，注重政策效益和调控质量的原则。要建立政策工具的筛选机制，工具包的设计组合机制，政策体系的优化完善机制等，从而提升政策的效益，并增强调控的质量构成，既避免政策缺位，又防止政策力度过大，引发不必要的成本和风险。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> 在具体政策机制设计上，结构性调控的功能一直是财政政策的重要属性之一，可相应实施结构调控型政策、布局调控型政策措施和效益调控型政策措施。例如，布局调控型政策要基于市场的效率结构和利益导向进行安排，并顺应市场机制和作用，引致资源和要素流动，支持企业布局调整优化，如对设立在产业集聚区的企业执行较低的政府性基金安排或提供企业迁移融资的成本补贴等；效益调控型财政政策包括基于公平竞争的奖励性政策、基于创新及应用的支持性政策，基于产业链延伸和价值链优化的辅助性政策等。这些政策措施在当前的实践中都有应用，可在政策工具包的设计中进一步细化。</p><p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em; 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                            onclick="turn_sta(3,4)">sattty@ty-magnet.com.cn</a></b></span></div></li><li class="hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg hidden-xl"><div class="sidebox"><a href="javascript:void(0)"><img src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/img/side-sprites2.png"
                        border="0" alt="Top" style="position: relative;left:-48px;top: -142px"></a></div></li><li><div class="sidebox"><a href="/contactus.html#zixun" onclick="turn_sta(1,4)"><img src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/img/svg/inquiry.svg"
                        border="0" alt="inquiry" width="48" style=" padding:11px;"></a></div></li><li class="hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg hidden-xl"><div class="sidebox"><a href="javascript:void(0)"><img src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/img/r_ewm.png" border="0" alt="ewm"></a></div></li><li><div class="sidebox"><a href="javascript:goTop();"><img src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/img/side-sprites2.png"
                        border="0" alt="Top" style="position: relative;left:0;"></a></div></li></ul></div><!--sidebar_bottom--><style>	.mfb-component__button--main {
		background-color: #518fec;
		display: inline-block;
		position: relative;
		border: none;
		border-radius: 50%;
		box-shadow: 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .14), 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);
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		text-align: center;
		line-height: 40px;
		font-size: 25px;
		height: 40px;
		width: 40px;
		z-index: 20;
	}

	.mobile_down,
	.mobile_sidebara {
		background: #518fec;
	}

	.qrcode {
		position: relative;
	}

	.qrcode img {
		position: absolute;
		left: 0;
		top: -120%;
		display: none;
	}

	.kun_icon {
		width: 25px;
		margin-bottom: 5px;
	}

	.mobile_downa {
		position: fixed;
		left: 0;
		bottom: 0;
		z-index: 99999;
		width: 100%;
		right: 0;
		height: 50px;
		color: #fff;
		background-color: #518fec;
	}
	.mobile_downa span a{
		color: #fff;
	}
	.mobile_downa ul {
		display: flex;
		padding-top: 4px;
	}

	.mobile_downa ul li {
		flex: auto;
		position: relative;
		text-align: center;
	}

	.mobile_downa ul li img {
		max-width: 25px;
	}

	.mobile_up {
		display: none;
		position: absolute;
		min-width: 100%;
		bottom: 100%;
		left: 50%;
		transform: translateX(-50%);
		padding-top: 10px;
		padding-bottom: 5px;
		white-space: nowrap;
		padding-left: 5px;
		padding-right: 5px;
		background-color: #518fec;
	}

	.mobile_up dl {
		display: flex;
		flex-direction: column;
	}

	.mobile_up a {
		color: #fff;
		line-height: 2;
	}
	.wx_qrcode {
		position: relative;
	}
	.wx_qrcode img {
		position: absolute;
		left: 0;
		bottom: 50px;
		display: none;
		max-width: 150px;
	}
</style><ul class="mobile_sidebar hidden-lg hidden-xl"><li><a class="mfb-component__button--main mfb-component__button--back" href="javascript:history.go(-1);"><i class="fa fa-reply"></i></a></li><li><a class="mfb-component__button--main mfb-component__button--top" href="javascript:goTop();"><i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></a></li></ul><div class="mobile_down_top hidden-lg hidden-xl"><div class="mobile_down"><ul><li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-university"></i><br />主页</a></li><li><a onclick="turn_sta(6,2)" href="tel:0555-5200200"><i class="fa fa-phone"></i><br />电话</a></li><li><a onclick="turn_sta(3,2)" href="/Inquiry.html"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><br />联系我们</a></li><li><a onclick="turn_sta(3,2)" href="mailto:sattty@ty-magnet.com.cn"><i
									class="fa fa-envelope"></i><br />邮箱</a></li></ul></div></div><svg id="svg-b" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:link="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="display:none !important"><symbol id="svg-b-left" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M31 36L19 24L31 12" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></symbol><symbol id="svg-b-right" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19 12L31 24L19 36" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></symbol><symbol id="svg-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M41.9999 24H5.99994" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /><path d="M30 12L42 24L30 36" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></symbol></svg><script>	require(['jquery', 'move_port'], function ($, move_port) {
		$(function () {
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						width: '20px',
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						top: 0,
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						color: 'red',
						border: '1px solid red',
						background: '#ccc',
						textAlign: 'center',
						lineHeight: '20px',
						cursor: 'pointer'
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					$("#HJZF2_floatWindow").hover(function () {
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					move_port.move_obj("#HJZF2_floatWindow");
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		});
	});

</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/js/public.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/js/hj01_prodetail.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/js/wow.min.js"></script><script>		$(function () {
			if(typeof Fullpage == 'undefined'){
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