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														2012/04/17</span><span>|</span><span class="red"><i class="fa fa-eye"
                                                            aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;阅读次数：2767</span><div class="clear"></div></div><div class="new_detail15_editor"><p align="center"><img alt="" src="http://www.sinosteel.com/uploadfiles/xwzx/gzdt/gzsy/1334195060309_0.jpg" border="0"/></p><p align="center"><img alt="" src="http://www.sinosteel.com/uploadfiles/xwzx/gzdt/gzsy/1334195060371_1.jpg" border="0"/></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 国企改革成就来之不易</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “十一五”期间，中央企业资产总额、营业收入、上缴税金和税后净利润均实现了翻番</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 该如何评价国企改革成就？国资委副主任邵宁强调，一定要历史地看待。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在1994年，我国大的500家国有企业全年销售收入的总和还不如美国通用汽车公司一家的销售收入。甚至在2003年国务院国资委成立时，196家央企中的不少企业还在为不良资产处置发愁。而2011年公布的世界500强企业中，中央企业已有38家上榜。“十一五”的5年，中央企业资产总额、营业收入、上缴税金和税后净利润等主要经营指标均实现了翻番，年均国有资产保值增值率达到115%。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “在三年改革脱困之前，国有企业还是国家经济的包袱和社会稳定的隐患。而现在，国有企业是国家经济、社会发展中积极的、稳定的因素。”邵宁认为，这种历史性的变化在短短十几年中发生，关键是靠改革。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 他回顾，通过三方面的改革，国有经济的布局结构、国有企业的体制机制都发生了重大的变化——</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 其一，通过“抓大放小”，在不具备比较优势的中小企业领域，国有经济实施了大规模的主动退出，由此完全改变并优化了国有经济的布局结构；</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 其二，对由于经济转型或经营不善而造成的困难国有企业，疏通了破产退出的通道，市场经济优胜劣汰的机制开始发挥作用。力度大的1998年到2003年，约5000户困难的大中型国有企业实施了破产，涉及到职工900多万人；</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 其三，对正常经营的国有企业，通过成立国资委，初步建立了国有资产出资人制度，解决了多年存在的国有企业多头管理、责任不落实的问题。与此同时，通过建立对经营者的激励约束机制，如业绩考核制度等，大大激发了企业内在的发展活力。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2003年国资委成立时，央企的数量是196户。国资委在2006年确定了中央企业数量减少至100户的目标。从2006年到现在，每年都有约10家规模较小的企业并入大型优势企业，目前，央企户数已减至117家。数量虽然减少，但整体素质和竞争力大大增强。2002年到2011年，中央企业的资产总额从7.13万亿元增加到28万亿元；营业收入从3.36万亿元增加到20.2万亿元。“十一五”期间，中央企业国有股减持转入社保基金589亿元，成为社保资金的重要来源。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 邵宁说，国企改革是世界性的难题，中国的国有企业改革进行到这样的深度、取得了如此大的成就，可谓来之不易。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 经济社会发展离不开国有企业</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 为经济发展和人民生活提供保障，在大企业层面提升国家竞争力</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在整个经济社会发展中，今天的国有企业主要承担哪些职能、发挥哪些作用？</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 邵宁表示，中央企业、地方国有企业对经济社会发展主要有两方面的作用，一是为经济发展和人民生活提供保障条件，二是在大企业层面提升国家竞争力。目前，这两个方面没有国有企业不行。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 保障方面，具体讲包括保供电、保供气、保供油、保基础设施、保人民生活的一些基本方面。“为什么这些领域没国有企业不行呢？因为这些领域中社会效益是第一位的，有时候不赚钱，企业也得继续供给，亏损也得做，这是其他类型企业难以接受的。”他举例说，5家电力央企占我国电力市场份额的66%，在电价倒挂的时期，真正持续保量发电的主要是这些国有企业。如果是非国有企业，不可能亏本发电。这不是谁好谁不好的问题，是企业的性质不一样。而且，中国是个大国，保供电、保供油、保供气等保障功能所要求的规模极大，只有特大型企业才能承担起来。这也正是当前央企在这类领域比较集中的一个原因。邵宁认为，为经济发展和人民生活做好保障是国有企业当前以及今后很长一段时期重要的任务。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 提升国家的竞争力，同样离不开大型国企。当前的竞争是全球性的。尤其是在一些关系国家安全和国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，比如军工、航天航空、石油勘探、通信等，规模经济要求很高，需要由大企业支撑，其技术创新和走出去参与国际竞争，当前还只能靠国有及国有控股大企业。“比如大飞机的研制，技术要求高、投资大、风险大，除了央企，谁还能来做？”邵宁介绍说，如三峡工程、青藏铁路、西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重点工程和神舟系列飞船的发射，中央企业都作出了重大贡献。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 邵宁特别强调，中国的国家产业竞争力是由多层次构成的。我国的民营企业、广大中小企业的竞争力很强，是国家产业竞争力重要的组成部分。通过改革，目前我国大型国有企业的竞争力也在提高，这也是国家产业竞争力的组成部分。这几个层次缺一不可，互不矛盾。“不能说在竞争性行业，只要民营企业、中小企业的竞争力，不要国有企业的竞争力。少了哪一方面，中国的国际竞争力都会塌一块。”他认为，现在很多人把国有和民营的发展人为地对立起来，把大企业和小企业的发展人为地对立起来，是完全没有道理的。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 国企改革要稳中求进</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 推动具备条件的国有大型企业实现整体上市，不具备整体上市条件的国有大型企业加快股权多元化改革</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 邵宁认为，国企改革所取得的成就，说明了今后继续深化改革的极端必要性。那么，下一步国企改革走向何方？</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 邵宁介绍说，根据“十二五”规划纲要，未来几年我国将继续推进国有经济战略性调整，国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制，促进国有资本向关系国家安全和国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域集中。与此同时，推动具备条件的国有大型企业实现整体上市，不具备整体上市条件的国有大型企业则要加快股权多元化改革，对有必要保持国有独资的国有大型企业要加快公司制改革，完善公司法人治理结构。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “国有大型企业改革的总体方向是公众化、市场化，就是通过资本市场把现有的大型国企改造成为上市公司，使之成为独立的市场竞争主体，成为公众企业。”邵宁认为，这项改革能使大型国有企业实现市场化、多元化，使其完全按照市场的要求进行经营和运作。成为公众公司还会使这些企业中的国有资产实现资本化，进而具有良好的流动性，进退都会变得容易。如果国家需要钱，也可以通过资本市场直接变现国有资产。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 目前，117家中央企业中，有43家实现了主营业务整体上市。虽然整个央企资产的60%以上在上市公司，但多数央企集团仍是国有独资。邵宁表示，国企改革要“稳中求进”，要一步一步往前走，不可能一蹴而就。现在的国企还有很多包袱，做不到一步实现股权多元化。特别是其中的存续企业，需要慢慢地消化掉，具备上市条件的向股份公司里面注，不具备上市条件的进行改制分离，最后成为一个干干净净的上市公司。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 国有企业——经济社会发展的重要支柱</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 自主创新“排头兵”</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中央企业在国家技术创新体系中承担着重要任务，起着举足轻重的作用。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》确定的我国需要突破的11个重点领域，中央企业都有涉及。16个国家科技重大专项，中央企业参与了15个；863计划的参与率达到29.5%。历年国家科技进步特等奖及绝大部分的国家技术发明一等奖均有中央企业获得。在载人航天、绕月探测、特高压电网、支线客机、4G标准、时速350公里高速动车等领域和重大工程项目中取得了一批具有自主知识产权和国际先进水平的创新成果。中央企业主要指标年均增长都在35%以上。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 重大工程“顶梁柱”</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 三峡工程、青藏铁路、西气东输、西电东送、南水北调、奥运场馆……“十一五”时期国家的各项标志性重大工程建设中，中央企业做出杰出贡献。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 进入“十二五”，中央企业继续发挥“顶梁柱”作用，承担起一项项国家重大项目。“电力天路”青藏交直流联网输电工程于去年建成，从根本上解决了西藏缺电问题。神华集团世界首套百万吨级煤直接液化示范工程成功建成并投入运行，标志着我国实施能源替代战略取得突破性进展。C919大飞机、高速铁路，其研制和建设都在稳步推进。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 社会责任“主心骨”</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 保民生履行社会责任，中央企业主动担当。贯彻落实国家宏观调控政策、保障市场供应、维护市场经济秩序，中央企业发挥带头作用。非典突袭、冰雪灾害、汶川救援……在国家和社会遭遇重大自然灾害和危机时，中央企业挺身而出。北京奥运、上海世博等重大活动中，中央企业承担了主要保障任务。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 许多中央企业承担了援疆援藏和定点帮扶老少边穷地区的任务，帮助当地加强基础设施建设，为改变贫困落后面貌做出了积极贡献。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 国资委要求，到2012年底，所有央企都要形成定期发布社会责任报告的制度。</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 走出国门“探路者”</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中央企业“走出去”的步伐不断加快，境外经济实力不断增强，资源保障能力大幅提升，在世界各地建设了一批技术居国际水平的大型工程项目。中国水电工程顾问集团公司设计、中国水利水电建设集团公司建设了尼罗河上全长9800米级长坝——苏丹麦洛维大坝。中国铁路工程总公司运用我国技术标准，在委内瑞拉建设了时速220公里的北部平原铁路，赢得当地赞誉。中国交通建设集团有限公司连续四年在全球大的225家国际承包商排名中,位列亚洲公司首位。中央企业在国际化经营的进程中迅速成长，在全球资源配置和国际竞争力上取得明显进步。</p></div></div><div class="cases_detail2_prev"><ul><li class="news_prev">上一篇：<a href="/new_detail/nid/16797.html" onfocus="blur()">参考消息网：德国前总理：国有企业是中国人的命根子</a></li><li class="news_next">下一篇：<a href="/new_detail/nid/16795.html" onfocus="blur()">人民日报：稳中求进，央企发挥中坚作用（深化改革 攻坚克难）</a></li><div class="clear"></div></ul></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><section><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"></div></div></div></section><script>    window.oneallInternalLinkTemplate = {
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                        border="0" alt="inquiry" width="48" style=" padding:11px;"></a></div></li><li class="hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg hidden-xl"><div class="sidebox"><a href="javascript:void(0)"><img src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/img/r_ewm.png" border="0" alt="ewm"></a></div></li><li><div class="sidebox"><a href="javascript:goTop();"><img src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/img/side-sprites2.png"
                        border="0" alt="Top" style="position: relative;left:0;"></a></div></li></ul></div><!--sidebar_bottom--><style>	.mfb-component__button--main {
		background-color: #518fec;
		display: inline-block;
		position: relative;
		border: none;
		border-radius: 50%;
		box-shadow: 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, .14), 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .28);
		cursor: pointer;
		outline: none;
		padding: 0;

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		color: #f1f1f1;
		text-align: center;
		line-height: 40px;
		font-size: 25px;
		height: 40px;
		width: 40px;
		z-index: 20;
	}

	.mobile_down,
	.mobile_sidebara {
		background: #518fec;
	}

	.qrcode {
		position: relative;
	}

	.qrcode img {
		position: absolute;
		left: 0;
		top: -120%;
		display: none;
	}

	.kun_icon {
		width: 25px;
		margin-bottom: 5px;
	}

	.mobile_downa {
		position: fixed;
		left: 0;
		bottom: 0;
		z-index: 99999;
		width: 100%;
		right: 0;
		height: 50px;
		color: #fff;
		background-color: #518fec;
	}
	.mobile_downa span a{
		color: #fff;
	}
	.mobile_downa ul {
		display: flex;
		padding-top: 4px;
	}

	.mobile_downa ul li {
		flex: auto;
		position: relative;
		text-align: center;
	}

	.mobile_downa ul li img {
		max-width: 25px;
	}

	.mobile_up {
		display: none;
		position: absolute;
		min-width: 100%;
		bottom: 100%;
		left: 50%;
		transform: translateX(-50%);
		padding-top: 10px;
		padding-bottom: 5px;
		white-space: nowrap;
		padding-left: 5px;
		padding-right: 5px;
		background-color: #518fec;
	}

	.mobile_up dl {
		display: flex;
		flex-direction: column;
	}

	.mobile_up a {
		color: #fff;
		line-height: 2;
	}
	.wx_qrcode {
		position: relative;
	}
	.wx_qrcode img {
		position: absolute;
		left: 0;
		bottom: 50px;
		display: none;
		max-width: 150px;
	}
</style><ul class="mobile_sidebar hidden-lg hidden-xl"><li><a class="mfb-component__button--main mfb-component__button--back" href="javascript:history.go(-1);"><i class="fa fa-reply"></i></a></li><li><a class="mfb-component__button--main mfb-component__button--top" href="javascript:goTop();"><i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></a></li></ul><div class="mobile_down_top hidden-lg hidden-xl"><div class="mobile_down"><ul><li><a href="/"><i class="fa fa-university"></i><br />主页</a></li><li><a onclick="turn_sta(6,2)" href="tel:0555-5200200"><i class="fa fa-phone"></i><br />电话</a></li><li><a onclick="turn_sta(3,2)" href="/Inquiry.html"><i class="fa fa-user"></i><br />联系我们</a></li><li><a onclick="turn_sta(3,2)" href="mailto:sattty@ty-magnet.com.cn"><i
									class="fa fa-envelope"></i><br />邮箱</a></li></ul></div></div><svg id="svg-b" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:link="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="display:none !important"><symbol id="svg-b-left" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M31 36L19 24L31 12" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></symbol><symbol id="svg-b-right" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19 12L31 24L19 36" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></symbol><symbol id="svg-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M41.9999 24H5.99994" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /><path d="M30 12L42 24L30 36" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></symbol></svg><script>	require(['jquery', 'move_port'], function ($, move_port) {
		$(function () {
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						position: 'absolute',
						display: 'none',
						width: '20px',
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						top: 0,
						right: 0,
						color: 'red',
						border: '1px solid red',
						background: '#ccc',
						textAlign: 'center',
						lineHeight: '20px',
						cursor: 'pointer'
					});
					$("#HJZF2_floatWindow").hover(function () {
						$(this).find('.close_port').show();
					}, function () {
						$(this).find('.close_port').hide();
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					close();
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					$("#HJZF2_floatWindow").addClass("window_fei");
					$("#HJZF2_floatWindow").css("zIndex", "10000");
					move_port.move_obj("#HJZF2_floatWindow");
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		});
	});

</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/js/public.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/js/hj01_prodetail.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/Tpl/HJZF2_Z/js/wow.min.js"></script><script>		$(function () {
			if(typeof Fullpage == 'undefined'){
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